Monday 14 July 2014

Anna University May June 2014 Revaluation Procedure – Last Date to Apply



Anna University May June 2014 Revaluation Procedure – Last Date to Apply

Anna University Revaluation Procedure for May/June 2014 results has been released online on the www.annauniv.edu/result.html site that students can download.

According to the official info, the Last date to apply for Photocopy for Revaluation is July 22,2014 and student can apply begining July 14th itself .

Anna university results for may/june 2014 examinations was declared on July 14, 2014 at www.coe1.annauniv.edu and later at www.annauniv.edu/result.html .

Check Here Anna University May/June 2014 UG/PG Results 2014

Since anna univ last year changed the procedure for revaluation , student have to apply for photocopy by paying Rs. 300 to the college admin , and then once the paper received , a staff has to suggest for revaluation inorder to proceed to next step .

Once a subject staff recommended the paper for Reevaluation then the paper will be revaluated for that student has to pay rs. 400 per paper .

Anna university will then release the results on its site or intimate student about this through staff. Todownload the anna univ official note on revaluation procedure .

Click here to download anna univ revaluation procedure

Anna university revaluation results date will be updated here on this page once we get to know that info . Students are requested to visit official website of anna univ for authentic informations on results .

Anna university syllabus for nov/dec 2014 exams are available for download .

The post Anna University May June 2014 Revaluation Procedure – Last Date to Apply appeared first on Anna University Results 2014.

TANCA 2014 Application Form for M.E / M.Tech / M.Arch / M.Plan Degree



TANCA 2014 Application Form for M.E / M.Tech / M.Arch / M.Plan Degree

Anna University on July 14th declared the U.G / PG Results for May June exams 2014 and also released the TANCA Counselling 2014 for ME, MTech, March, Mplan degree.

Students who’ve got GATE 2014 , TANCET 2014 scores may apply for the TANCA Counselling 2014 by sending the filled-in applicaiton form on or before last date.

TANCA Counselling 2014 Dates

Issueof application / Registration

Date and Timings

14.07.2014to 24.07.2014

9.30 a.m. to 5.30 p.m.

(including Saturday andSunday)

 

Last datefor issue / Online Registration of applications

 

 

24.07.2014(5.30 p.m.)

 

 

Last datefor receipt of  filled-in applications

 

 

25.07.2014(6.00 p.m.)

TANCA Cousnelling application form Fee is Rs. 500 ( General ) , Rs. 250 ( Reserved ) . Those who are interested in pursuing p.g degreee may apply now online .

Check TNEA Counselling 2014 Vacancy Positions

Anna university me mtech admissions to take place in the month of August 2014 most probably . You can check official informations about tanca 2014 at www.annauniv.edu/tanca2014

The post TANCA 2014 Application Form for M.E / M.Tech / M.Arch / M.Plan Degree appeared first on Anna University Results 2014.

Thursday 10 July 2014

TNEA 2014 Seat Vacancy Positions Academic / Vocational



TNEA 2014 Seat Vacancy Positions Academic / Vocational

TNEA Counselling 2014

Tamilnadu Engineering Admissions ( TNEA ) counselling is being conducted for B.E / B.Tech courses admissions for the year 2014 – 2015 in affiliated colleges & anna university .

Students may check Live Vacancy Positions for TNEA 2014 Counselling , which is available on the official webpage we’ve given for your reference.

Check Anna University Counselling seat vacancy

If you’re waiting for tnea 2014 counselling then you may check out the live seat vacancy positions updated on the anna university tnea 2014 website,

Academic Counselling Vacancy – Check Here

Vocational Counselling Vacancy – Check Here

Anna university is updating its site regularly , and students may check at regularl intervals to know the latest positions . TNEA BE, BTech counselling seat vacancy check online .

Related : Anna university even semester results 2014 for May/June exams

The post TNEA 2014 Seat Vacancy Positions Academic / Vocational appeared first on Anna University Results 2014.

Wednesday 9 July 2014

Anna University 3rd, 5th, 7th Sem Syllabus for Environmental Engineering



Anna University 3rd, 5th, 7th Sem Syllabus for Environmental Engineering

Anna University Syllabus

Download Anna university 3rd sem, 5th sem, 7th semester syllabus for Environmental Engineering for U.G affiliated colleges in Tamilnadu for Nov/dec exams 2014 .

Semester : 3rd to 8th
Regulation : REG 2013
Branch         : Environmental Engineering
Univ              : Anna University. Affiliated Colleges
Exam             : Nov/Dec

The Odd Semester Exam is conducted during November / December session and the List of Subjects for 3rd semester, 5th semester & 7th semester is given for you .

Download Syllabus

Anna Univ 3rd,5th,7th Sem Syllabus for Civil Engg

SEMESTER III

SL.

No.

COURSE

CODE

 

COURSE TITLE

 

L

 

T

 

P

 

C

THEORY
MA6468 Probabilityand  Statistics 3 1 0 4
CE6302 Mechanics of  Solids 3 1 0 4
CE6303 Mechanics  of Fluids 3 0 0 3
GI6302 Surveying 2 2 0 4
EN6301 Environmental  Chemistry 3 0 0 3
GE6351 Environmental  Scienceand  Engineering 3 0 0 3
PRACTICAL
CE6411 Strengthof  Materials  Laboratory 0 0 3 2
GI6312 Surveying  Laboratory 0 0 4 2
EN6311 Environmental  Chemistry  Laboratory 0 0 3 2
    TOTAL 17 4 10 27

SEMESTER V

 

SL. No. COURSE CODE  

COURSE TITLE

 

L

 

T

 

P

 

C

THEORY
EN6501 Municipal Solid Waste Management 3 0 0 3
EN6502 Air  and Noise Pollution Control 3 0 0 3
EN6503 Environmental Policyand Legislations 3 0 0 3
EN6504 Basic Structural Design 3 0 0 3
CE6567 Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering 3 0 0 3
EN6505 Occupational  Hazards and Industrial safety 3 0 0 3
PRACTICAL
EN6511 Air  and Noise Pollution  Laboratory 0 0 3 2
GE6563 Communication Skills- Laboratory Based 0 0 4 2
    TOTAL 18 0 7 22

SEMESTER VII

 

SL.

No.

COURSE

CODE

 

COURSE TITLE

 

L

 

T

 

P

 

C

THEORY
EN6701 Sustainable Development 3 0 0 3
EN6702 Design of Environmental Engineering

Structures

 

3

 

0

 

0

 

3

EN6703 Hazardous Waste Management 3 0 0 3
EN6704 Industrial Waste Management 3 0 0 3
  Elective  II 3 0 0 3
  Elective  III 3 0 0 3
PRACTICAL
EN6711 Plant  Layout  Design 0 0 3 2
CE6611 Environmental  Engineering  Laboratory 0 0 3 2
EN6712 Industrial  SafetyLaboratory 0 0 3 2
    TOTAL 18 0 9 24

ELECTIVE II

EN6005 Water Power Engineering 3 0 0 3
EN6006 Tidal Engineering 3 0 0 3
EN6007 Climate change 3 0 0 3
EN6008 Groundwater Contamination 3 0 0 3
ELECTIVE III
  EN6009 Epidemiology and Control of Communicable

Diseases

3 0 0 3
EN6010 Low Carbon Economy 3 0 0 3
EN6011 Urban and Rural Sanitation 3 0 0 3
EN6012 Urban and Rural Planning 3 0 0 3
EN6013 Solar Energy 3 0 0 3

Anna university Results 2014 for May june exams 2014

Anna university result for Nov/Dec 2014 exams , Anna university syllabus for Nov/Dec 2014 exams , Anna university 3rd sem syllabus for environmental engineerign, anna university 5th semester syllabus

Anna university 7th semester syllabus 2014, anna university exam syllabus download 2014 , Anna univ 2nd sem result 2014 .

The post Anna University 3rd, 5th, 7th Sem Syllabus for Environmental Engineering appeared first on Anna University Results 2014.

Sunday 6 July 2014

Anna University 3rd, 5th, 7th Semester Interal Assessment Time Table 2014



Anna University 3rd, 5th, 7th Semester Interal Assessment Time Table 2014

Anna University

Anna university has completed may/june 2014 exams and the next semester classes has already began for students of univ depts and affiliated colleges in tamilnadu .

Now the Internal Assessment time table for this semester pattern has been released online by anna univeristy for the ease of students as well as for staffs .

By knowing the internal assessment report dates, one can cover syllabus and conduct cyclic tests within the time frame alloted by anna university and thus the reports can be entered without any delay at its official portal .

Internal Assessment for July to Nov 2014 : Download

Once you download the above given document, you’ll find the following details , such as the date for Test 1, 2, 3 & 4 for both U.G / P.G courses .

U.G / P.G Courses

Report   Report Period TestPeriod Report Entry Period
I   02.07.2014-  31.07.2014 NoTest 31.07.2014-08.08.2014 (OnlyAttendance)
II   01.08-2014- 02.09.2014 21.08.2014- 02.09.2014 02.09.2014- 09.09.2014
III   03.09.2014- 01.10.2014 22.09.2014- 01.10.2014
  1. 10~2014-
08.10.2014
IV   02.10.2014- 03.11.2014 23.10.2014- 03.11.2014 03.11.2014- 07.11.2014

For M.E. Construction Engineering & Management/,ME. Soil Mechanics & Foundation Engineering / M.E. Structural Engineering/M. Tech. Environmental Science & Engineering/M. Tech. Remote Sensing programmes under the Faculty of Civil Engineering and M.B.A. Programme under the Faculty of Management Sciences

Report No. Report Period Test Period Report Entry Period
I   21.07.2014-20.08.2014 NoTest 20.08.2014-  25.08.2014 (Only Attendance)
II   21.08.2014-19.09.2014 12.09.2014-19.09.2014 19.09.2014- 26.09.2014
III   20.09.2014-23.10.2014 16.10.2014-23.10.2014 23.10.2014- 29.10.2014
IV   24.10.2014-  20.11.2014 10.11.2014-17.11.2014 17.11.2014- 20.11.2014

Anna university 3rd sem internal assessment time table 2014, anna university 5th semester time table for internal assessment 2014, anna university internal report time table for 7th semester 2014.

Anna university results for 2nd semester , 4th semester , 6th semester exams are to be declared third week of july that you may check anna university results online .

The post Anna University 3rd, 5th, 7th Semester Interal Assessment Time Table 2014 appeared first on Anna University Results 2014.

Saturday 5 July 2014

CE2204 - Surveying– I Two Mark with Answers



CE2204 - Surveying– I Two Mark with Answers

Anna University

CE 2204 – SURVEYING-I

Question Bank with answers


UNIT I

INDRODUCTION AND CHAIN SURVEYING

1. Define Surveying. What are the fundamental principles of surveying?

Surveying is an art of determining the relative positions of various points on, above or below the surface of the earth by means of direct or indirect measurement of distance, direction and elevation.

The principles of surveying are:

(i). Working from whole to part.

(ii). To locate a new station by at least two measurements (angular, linear) from fixed reference points.

2. What is the object or purpose of surveying?

The primary object of surveying is to prepare a plan or map to show the relative position of the objects on the surface of the earth. It is also used to determine the areas, volumes and other related quantities.

3. Name the different ways of classification of surveys.

a. Primary classification

(i). Plane surveying

(ii). Geodetic surveying.

b. Secondary classification

(i). Based on instruments used

(ii). Based on methods.

(iii). Based on object

(iv). Based on nature of the field

4. Differentiate between plane and geodetic surveying.

Sl.No.

Plane surveying

Geodetic surveying.

1.

The curvature of the earth is

The curvature of the earth is taken.

.

2.

A line joining any two points is

A line joining any two points is

considered straight.

considered as curved line.

3.

The triangle formed by any three

The triangle formed by any three

points is considered as plane

points is considered as spherical

triangle.

triangle.

4.

It is done on a area less than 250

It is done on a area greater than 250

Km 2

Km 2

5. Classify surveying based on the equipments.

1. Chain surveying

2. Compass surveying

3. Plane table surveying

4. Theodolite surveying

5. Tacheometric surveying

6. Photogram metric surveying

7. Aerial surveying

6. Explain the constructions of a diagonal scale.

For a given short length ( PQ=PR), draw a right angle triangle. Its base( PR) and height (PQ) are equal. A short length is divided into a number of parts by using the principle of similar triangles in which like sides are proportional.

Thus,

1-1 represents 1/ 10 PQ

9-9 represents 9/ 10 PQ

7. Define chain surveying. What is the fundamental principle of chain surveying?

Chain surveying is the type of surveying in which only linear measurements are made in the field.

8.What is a well-conditioned triangle? What is its specific advantage? .

A said to be well- conditioned or well proportioned when it

9. What are the operations involved in chain survey?

(i). Ranging: The process of locating intermediate points on a straight line between two end points in a straight line.

(ii). Chaining: The process of measuring the distance with a chain or tape.

(iii). Offsetting: The process of measuring the lateral distance of the object from the survey line to the left or right according to their positions.

10. What are the instruments required for a chain survey?

Chain or tape, Arrows, Pegs, Ranging rods, Offset rods, Laths or whites, Plumb bob, Cross staff and Mallet.

11. Write the different types of Chain.

(i). Metric chain

(ii). Non-Metric chain

(a).Gunter's chain or Surveyor's chain

(b). Engineer's chain

(c). Revenue chain

(d). Steel band.

12. Differentiate between Gunter's chain and Engineer's Chain

Sl.No.

Gunter's chain or Surveyor's chain

Engineer's chain

1.

It is 66 feet long and divided in to 100

It is 100 feet long and divided in

 

links. 1link = 0.66 feet

to 100 links. 1link = 1 feet

2.

Measurements are in miles and furlongs.

Measurements are in feet and

   

decimals

13. Define: (a).Main stations.

Main station is a prominent point on the chain line and can be either at

the beginning of the chain line or at the end or along the boundary.

(b). Subsidiary stations:

The stations located on the main survey lines are known as Subsidiary

stations.

(c). Tie stations:

These are also subsidiary stations taken on the main survey lines to locate

the details of the object.

14. Distinguish between a check line and a tie line.

Sl.No

Check line

Tie line

1.

Check lines or Proof lines are the

The main object of running a tie line

lines which are run in the field to

is to take the details of the objects.

check the accuracy of the work

2.

The length of the check line

Tie line is a line which joints

measured in the field must agree

subsidiary stations or tie stations on

with its length of the plan.

the main line.

clip_image001clip_image002

15. What are the instruments used for setting out right angles to a chain line?

(i). Cross staff.

a. Open cross staff

b. French cross staff

c. Adjustable cross staff (ii). Optical square.

(iii). Prism square (iv). Site square.

16. What are offsets? Classify them.

An offset is the lateral distance of an object or ground feature measured from a survey line. The two types of offsets are,

(i). Perpendicular offset: The angle of offset from a point on a chain line is 900.

(ii). Oblique offset: When the angle of offset is other than 900 .

clip_image003clip_image004clip_image006

Perpendicular offset Oblique offset

17. What is the use of a line Ranger?

The line Ranger is a small reflecting instrument used for fixing com intermediate points on the chain lines. Without going to either end, we can fix the intermediate . points.

18. What are the stages of fieldwork in chain surveying? Or What are the steps involved in chain survey?

1.

Reconnaissance: It is the preliminary inspection of the area to be surveyed.

2.

Marking and fixing Survey lines.

3.

Running survey lines.

4.

Taking Offsets.

19. What are the different ape corrections?

1.

Correction for absolute length or standardisation.

2.

Correction for temperature.

3.

Correction for pull or tension.

4. Correction for sag. (- ve)

5.

Correction for slope. (- ve)

20. What are the errors in chaining?

(i). Compensating Errors: Which are liable to occur in either direction and tend to compensate.

(ii). Cumulative Errors: Which occur in the same direction and tend to add or subtract. It may be positive (measured lengths more than the actual length) or negative (measured lengths less than the actual length).

21. What are the different sources of errors in chain surveying?

(i). Instrumental errors: incorrect length of the chain (Cumulative Errors).

5

(ii). Personal error: Bad ranging (Cumulative Errors). Careless holding (Compensating Errors). Bad straightening (Cumulative Errors). Non- horizontality (Cumulative Errors). Sag in chain (Cumulative Errors). Miscounting and misreading and booking.

(ii). Natural Errors: Variation in temperature. (Cumulative Errors).

22. Enumerate the instruments used for measurement of lengths of survey lines.

(i). Chain or tape. (ii). Passometer. (iii). Pedometer (iv). Odometer

(v). Speedometer.

6


UNIT II

COMPASS SURVEYING AND PLANE TABLE SURVEYING

1. Define: Compass surveying. What are the objects of compass surveying?

Compass surveying is the type of surveying in which the direction of the survey lines are measured with a compass and the length of the survey lines are measured with a tape or chain in the field.

2. Write the names of the instruments used in chain surveying.

(i). Instruments for the direct measurement of directions: 1. Surveyor's compass.

2. Prismatic compass.

(ii).Instruments for the measurement of angles: 1. Sextant.

2. Theodolite.

3. Define: (a). True meridian and bearing. True meridian:

The line or plane passing through the geographical North Pole, South Pole and any point on the surface of the earth, is known as true meridian or geographical meridian. True meridian at a point is constant.

True bearing:

The angle between the true meridian and a survey line is known as true bearing or Azimuth of the line.

(b). Magnetic meridian . and Bearing.

Magnetic meridian :

Magnetic meridian at a point is the direction indicated by freely suspended, properly balanced and unaffected magnetic needle at that point.

Magnetic Bearing:

The angle between the magnetic meridian and a survey line is known as magnetic bearing or bearing .of the line. It changes with time.

4. What do you understand by Whole circle bearing and quadrantal bearing of a line? Magnetic Bearings are designated by Whole circle bearing system and

quadrantal bearing system.

In Whole circle bearing system (WCB), the bearing of the line is measured with magnetic north in clockwise direction. It varies from 00 to 3600.

In quadrantal bearing system (Q.B or R.B) the bearing of the line is measured eastward or westward from north or south, whichever is nearer. The directions can be either clockwise or anticlockwise. It varies from 00 to 900.

7

5. Convert the whole circle bearing into reduced bearing: 500, 1760, 2100, 2320, 1500, 760,

3100 ,2420.

Whole circle bearing

Reduced bearing

WCB

RB

500

N 500 E.

1760

S (1800

1760)E = S 40 E

2100

S (2100

1800)W = S 300 W

2320

S (2320

1800)W = S 520 W

1500

S (1800

1500) E = S 300 E

760

N 760 E

3100

N (3600 – 3100) W = N 50 0 W

2420

S (2420

1800)W = S 620 W

reading and tripod.

SI.No.

Item

Prismatic compass

Surveyor's compass

1.

Reading

(i). The reading is taken with a

(i). The reading is taken by

help of prism provided at the eye

directly seeing through the top of

slit.

the glass.

(ii). Sighting and reading taking

(ii). Sighting and reading taking

rejinpaul

can be done simultaneously from

cannot be done simultaneously

one position of the observer.

from one position of the

observer.

2.

Tripod

Tripod may or may not be

The instrument cannot be used

provided.

without a tripod.

clip_image007clip_image007[1]6. Differentiate between Prismatic compass and Surveyor's compass with reference to

7. The fore bearing of a line PQ is N 280 W. What is its back bearing?

In quadrantal bearing (RB) system, the FB and BB are numerically equal but the quadrants are just opposite.

The FB of a line PQ is N 280 W, Then its BB is S 280 E .

8. Define: Fore and Back bearing.

The bearing of a line is measured in the direction of the progress of the survey is called the fore bearing of the (FB) line.

The bearing of a line is measured in the direction opposite to the survey is called the back bearing of the (BB) line.

BB = FB + 180 0 . (FB greater than 180 0, use - sign) (FB smaller than 180 0, use + sign)

9. The fore bearing of line AB is 155025'20". Identify the back bearing of the line AB in

quadrantal system.

The fore bearing of line AB = 155025'20". The back bearing of line AB , BB = FB + 180 0

= 155025'20" + 180 0

= 335025'20" (WCB)

= N (3600 – 335025'20") W

= N 24034' 40'' W

10. Define and distinguish between magnetic dip and magnetic declination.

Magnetic dip:

Due to the magnetic influence of the earth, the needle does not remain in the balanced position. This inclination of the needle with the horizontal is known as the dip of the magnetic needle. To balance the dip of the needle, a rider (brass or silver coil) is provided along with it. .

Magnetic declination:

The magnetic meridian of a place is variable one due to some local attractive forces. Therefore, the true meridian and the magnetic meridian at a place do not coincide.

The horizontal angle between the magnetic meridian and the true meridian is known as magnetic declination.

11. The magnetic bearing . of a line is 48024'. Calculate the true bearing if the magnetic declinations are 5038' East and 50 38' West.

True bearing = Magnetic bearing + Eastern magnetic declination

= 48024' + 5038' = 54002'.

True bearing = Magnetic bearing - Western magnetic declination

= 48024' - 5038'

= 42046'.

13. The magnetic bearing of a line is S 28030' E. Calculate the true bearing if the magnetic declinations are 5038' East and 50 38' West.

Convert the reduced bearing into Whole circle bearing. Magnetic bearing = S 28030' E. (RB)

= 1800 - 28030' = 1510 300 .

9

True bearing = Magnetic bearing + Eastern magnetic declination = 151030' + 7030'

= 159000'. (WCB)

= S(1800-159000')E (RB)

= S 21 0 E .

True bearing = Magnetic bearing - Western magnetic declination

= 151030' - 7030'

= 144000'. (WCB)

= S(1800-144000')E (RB)

= S 36 0 E.

14. What is local attraction? What are the sources of local attractions?

Local attraction is a term used to denote any influence, such as magnetic substances, which prevents the needle from pointing to the magnetic north in a given locality.

The sources of local attractions are : magnetite in the ground, wire carrying electric current, steel structures, rails, underground iron pipes, chain etc.,

14. Distinguish between closed traverse and open traverse.

SI.No.

Closed traverse

Open traverse

1.

When the lines form a circuit, which

If the circuit ends elsewhere,.it is

ends at the starting point, it is known

known as open traverse.

as closed traverse.

2.

It is suitable for locating the

It is suitable for surveying a long

boundaries of lakes, woods etc,.

narrow strip of land required for

road canal etc,.

3.

Check:

No direct check on angular

Sum of interior angles = (2n – 4) 90

measurements.

Sum of exterior angles = (2n +4) 90

Where, n= number of sides of the

traverse.

15. What is plane table surveying? When is it preferred? Write its principle.

Plane tabling is the graphical method of surveying in which the field

observations and plotting proceed simultaneously.

It is mainly suitable for filling the interior details between the control stations

and also in magnetic areas.

The

main principle of plane table

surveying is that the lines joining

the

clip_image008clip_image009clip_image009[1]

points on the plane table are made to lie parallel to the corresponding lines joining the points on the ground while working at each station.

16. Name four methods of plane surveying.

1. Radiation

10

2. Intersection.

3. Traversing

4. Resection.

(i). Resection after orientation by compass.

(ii). Resection after orientation by back sighting.

(iii). Resection after orientation by three point problem.

a. Mechanical method.(Tracing paper method)

b. Graphical method. ( Bessel's method)

c. Lehman's method. (Trial and error method) (iv). Resection after orientation by two point problem

17. When a three- point problem resorted to in plane table surveying?

It is the method of orientation when the table occupies a position not yet located on the drawing sheet.

This method is employed when during surveying the surveyor feels that some important details can be plotted easily by choosing any stations.

18. State the First and second Lehman's rule.

First rule: The distance of the point "p" (position of plane table on the

drawing sheet) to be fixed from each rays Aa (paper a, to ground A),

Bb (paper ,b to

ground B) and Cc (paper c, to ground C) is proportional to the respective.distancescomof the

stations A, B and C from the ground station P.

Second rule: While looking towards the stations the point "p" to be fixed, will

be either to the left or to the right of each of the rays.

19. What are the Advantages of plane table surveying?

1.

It is useful in magnetic areas.

2.

It is cheaper than the theodolite surveying.

3.

It is most suitable for small-scale maps.

4.

The surveyor can compare plotted work with the actual features.

20. Name some of the errors in plane tabling.

1.

Instrumental error.

2.

Errors of plotting

3.

Errors due to manipulation and sighting.

1.

Non horizontality of the board.

2.

Defective sighting.

3.

Defective orientation.

4.

Movement of board between sights.

11


UNIT III

LEVELLING AND APPLICATIONS

1. Define Levelling. What are the uses of leveling?

Levelling is a branch of surveying, the object of which is; (i). To find the elevations of given points with respect to a given or assumed datum, and (ii). To establish points at a given elevation or at different elevations with respect to a given or assumed datum.

2. Define benchmark and reduced level. Benchmark:

Benchmark is a relatively permanent point of reference whose elevation with respect to some assumed datum is known.

Reduced level or Elevation:

The vertical distance of a point above or below the datum is known as the elevation or R.L of that point. R.L of a point may be positive or negative according as the point is above or below the datum.

3. What are the different kinds of bench marks?

A BM is the reference point of known elevation. It may be classified into

(i).G.T.S Bench Mark: The great trigonometrical survey (G.T.S) bench marks are established by the survey of India throughout the country. The levels of this

bench marks are established very accurately at a large interval with respect to the mean sea level at Bombay port.

(ii). Permanent . Bench Mark: These are established by different Government departments like PWD, Railways, Irrigation etc,. The RL of these points are determined

with reference to the G.T.S Bench Marks. Points on rocks, culvert, gate pillars, etc,.

(iii).Temporary Bench Mark: These are established temporarily whenever required. These are generally chosen to close the day's work and to start the next days. Points on roofs, walls, basements, etc,.

(iv). Arbitrary Bench Mark: When the RL of some fixed points are assumed, they are termed arbitrary benchmark.

4. What do you mean by datum surface?

It is any surface, to which elevations are taken as a reference for the determination of elevations of various points. In India the datum adopted for the great trigonometrical survey (G.T.S) is the mean sea level at Bombay port.

12

5. What is mean by line of collimation and height of collimation?

Line of collimation (Line of sight): It is an imaginary line passing through the intersection of the cross hairs at the diaphragm and the optical centre of the object glass and its continuation.

Height of collimation(HOC): The elevation of the Line of collimation (Line of sight) is known as Height of collimation. HOC = RL of BM + BS.

6. Write the different types of levels.

1. Dumpy level

2. Tilting level

3. Quick setting level.

4. Y-level.

5. Reversible level.

6. Automatic level

7. Lazer level.

7. List the essential parts of a Level.

Telescope, Eyepiece, Objective

Focusing screws. Longitudinal bubble

Foot screws, Upper parallel plate ( Tribrach), Foot plate( Trivet). Diaphragm adjusting screws, Bubble adjusting screws, Tripod.

8. What are the different type's leveling staffs?

1. Target Staff

2. Self reading Staff.

a. Solid Staff

b. Folding Staff

c. TelescopicStaff.

9. Define and distinguish between 'Back sights' and 'Fore sight' in the process of fly

Levelling.

SI.No

Back sights (BS)

Fore sight

(FS)

1.

This is the first staff reading taken

This is the last staff reading

in any setup of the instrument. It is

taken in any setup of the

always taken on a point of known

instrument

and,

after

that

elevation( BM).

instrument is shifted.

2.

It is used to determine the height

It is used to determine the

of the instrument.

elevation (RL) of the staff

HI = known RL + BS

station.

RL = HI – FS.

13

Anna University, Chennai
 

CE2201 - Mechanics of Solids Two Mark with Answers



CE2201 - Mechanics of Solids Two Mark with Answers

Anna university, Chennai

CE 1202 – MECHANICS OF SOLIDS B.E. II Yr Civil Engineering

Two Marks Question and Answers

Prepared by

S.Shiela Balanta, M.E.

Lecturer,

Dept. of Civil Engg. NICE.

UNIT –1

STRESS STRAIN AND DEFORMATION OF SOLIDS, STATES OF STRESS

1. Define stress.

When an external force acts on a body, it undergoes deformation. At the same time the body resists deformation. The magnitude of the resisting force is numerically equal to the applied force. This internal resisting force per unit area is called stress.

Stress = Force/Area

When a body is subjected to an external force, there is some change of dimension in the body. Numerically the strain is equal to the ratio of change in length to the original length of the body.= P/A unit is N/mm^2

2. Define strain

δ Strain = Change in length/Original length e = δL/L

3. State Hooke's law.

It states that when a material is loaded, within its elastic limit, the stress is directly proportional to the strain.

Stress α Strain

σ α e

Where,

σ = Ee

E = σ/e unit is N/mm^2

E - Young's modulus

σ - Stress e - Strain

4. Define shear stress and shear strain.

The two equal and opposite force act tangentially on any cross sectional plane of the body tending to slide one part of the body over the other part. The stress induced is called shear stress and the corresponding strain is known as shear strain.

5. Define Poisson's ratio.

When a body is stressed, within its elastic limit, the ratio of lateral strain to the longitudinal strain is constant for a given material.

Poisson' ratio (µ or 1/m) = Lateral strain /Longitudinal strain

6. State the relationship between Young's Modulus and Modulus of Rigidity.

E = 2G (1+1/m)

Where,

E - Young's Modulus

K - Bulk Modulus

1/m - Poisson's ratio

7. Define strain energy

Whenever a body is strained, some amount of energy is absorbed in the body. The energy which is absorbed in the body due to straining effect is known as strain energy.

8. Give the relationship between Bulk Modulus and Young's Modulus.

E = 3K (1-2/m)

Where,

E - Young's Modulus

K - Bulk Modulus

1/m - Poisson's ratio

9. What is compound bar?

A composite bar composed of two or more different materials joined together such that system is elongated or compressed in a single unit.

10. Define- elastic limit

Some external force is acting on the body, the body tends to deformation. If the force is released from the body its regain to the original position. This is called elastic limit

11. Define – Young's modulus

The ratio of stress and strain is constant with in the elastic limit.

E = Stress

Strain

12. Define Bulk-modulus

The ratio of direct stress to volumetric strain.

K = Direct stress

Volumetric strain

13. Define- lateral strain

When a body is subjected to axial load P. The length of the body is increased. The axial deformation of the length of the body is called lateral strain.

13. Define- longitudinal strain

The strain right angle to the direction of the applied load is called lateral strain.

14. What is principle of super position?

The resultant deformation of the body is equal to the algebric sum of the deformation of the individual section. Such principle is called as principle of super position

15. Define- Rigidity modulus

The shear stress is directly proportional to shear strain.

N = Shear stress

Shear strain

16. State principle plane.

The planes, which have no shear stress, are known as principal planes. These planes carry only normal stresses.

17. Define principle stresses and principle plane.

Principle stress: The magnitude of normal stress, acting on a principal plane is known as principal stresses.

Principle plane: The planes which have no shear stress are known as principal planes.

18. What is the radius of Mohr's circle?

Radius of Mohr's circle is equal to the maximum shear stress.

19. What is the use of Mohr's circle?

To find out the normal, resultant stresses and principle stress and their planes.

20. List the methods to find the stresses in oblique plane?

1. Analytical method

2. Graphical method


UNIT II

ANALYSIS OF PLANE TRUSS, THIN CYLINDERS / SHELL

1. What is mean by perfect frame?

If a frame is composed of such members, which are just sufficient to keep the

frame in equilibrium, when the frame is supporting the external load, then the frame is know as perfect frame.

2. What are the different types of frames?

The different types of frame are:

• Perfect frame and

• Imperfect frame.

3. What is mean by Imperfect frame?

A frame in which number of members and number of joints are not given by

n = 2j – 3 is know as imperfect frame. This means that number of members in an imperfect frame will be either more or less than (2j – 3).

4. What is mean by deficient frame?

If the number of member in a frame are less than (2j -3), then the frame is

know as deficient frame

5. What is mean by redundant frame?

If the number of member in a frame are more than (2j -3), then the frame is

know as deficient frame

6. What are the assumptions made in finding out the forces in a frame?

The assumptions made in finding out the forces in a frame are:

The frame is a perfect frame

The frame carries load at the joints

All the members are pin-joined.

7. What are the reactions of supports of a frame?

The frame are generally supported

(i) on a roller support or

(ii) On a hinged support.

8. How will you Analysis of a frame?

Analysis of a frame consists of

Determinations of the reactions at the supports and

Determination of the forces in the members of the frame

9. What are the methods for Analysis the frame?

Methods of joints,

Methods of sections, and

Graphical method.

10. How method of joints applied to Trusses carrying Horizontal loads.

If a truss carries horizontal loads (with or without vertical loads) hinged at one

end supported on roller at the other end, the support reaction at the roller support end

will be normal. Whereas the support reaction at the hinged end will consist of (i)

horizontal reaction and (ii) vertical reaction

11. How method of joints applied to Trusses carrying inclined loads.

If a truss carries inclined loads hinged at one end supported on roller at the

other end, the support reaction at the roller support end will be normal. Whereas the support reaction at the hinged end will consist of (i) horizontal reaction and (ii) vertical reaction

12. What is mean by compressive and tensile force?

The forces in the member will be compressive if the member pushes the joint

to which it is connected whereas the force in the member will be tensile if the member pulls the joint to which it is connected.

13. How will you determine the forces in a member by method of joints?

While determining forces in a member by methods of joints, the joint should

be selected in such a way that at any time there are only two members, in which the forces are unknown.

14. Define thin cylinder?

If the thickness of the wall of the cylinder vessel is less than 1/15 to 1/20 of its

internal diameter, the cylinder vessel is known as thin cylinder.

15. What are types of stress in a thin cylindrical vessel subjected to internal pressure?

These stresses are tensile and are know as

Circumferential stress (or hoop stress ) and

Longitudinal stress.

16. What is mean by Circumferential stress (or hoop stress) and Longitudinal stress?

The stress acting along the circumference of the cylinder is called

circumferential stress (or hoop stress) whereas the stress acting along the length of the cylinder is known as longitudinal stress.

17. What are the formula for finding circumferential stress and longitudinal stress?

Circumferential stress (f1) is given by as f1 = p x d / 2t x ηl and the longitudinal stress (f2) is given by f2 = p x d / 2t x ηc

.

18. What are maximum shear stresses at any point in a cylinder?

Maximum shear stresses at any point in a cylinder, subjected to internal

fluid pressure is given by f1 –f2 / 2 = pd / 8t

19. What are the formula for finding circumferential strain and longitudinal

strain?

The circumferential strain (e1) and longitudinal strain (e2) are given by e1 = pd / 2tE (1- 1/2m), e2 pd / 2tE (1/2 – 1/m).

20. What are the formula for finding change in diameter, change in length and change volume of a cylindrical shell subjected to internal fluid pressure p?

δd = pd2 /2tE (1 – 1/2m),

δL = pdL /2tE (1/2 – 1/m),

δV = pd /2tE (5/2 – 2/m) x volume,

21. What are the formula for finding principal stresses of a thin cylindrical shell subjected to internal fluid pressure p and a torque?

Major Principal Stress = f1 + f2 / 2 + √ {(f1 - f2 /2)2 + fs 2}

Minor Principal Stress = f1 + f2 / 2 -√ {(f1 - f2 /2)2 + fs 2}

Maximum shear stress = ½ [Major Principal Stress - Minor Principal

Stress]

Where f1 = Circumferential stress, f2 =Longitudinal stress,

fs =shear stress due to torque.

1. Define beam?

UNIT –III TRANSVERSE LOADING ON BEAMS

BEAM is a structural member which is supported along the length and subjected to external loads acting transversely (i.e) perpendicular to the center line of the beam.

2. What is mean by transverse loading on beam?

If a load is acting on the beam which perpendicular to the central line of it then it is called transverse loading.

3. What is Cantilever beam?

A beam one end free and the other end is fixed is called cantilever beam.

4. What is simply supported beam?

A beam supported or resting free on the support at its both ends.

5. What is mean by over hanging beam?

If one or both of the end portions are extended beyond the support then it is called over hanging beam.

6. What is mean by concentrated loads?

A load which is acting at a point is called point load.

7. What is uniformly distributed load.

If a load which is spread over a beam in such a manner that rate of loading 'w' is uniform through out the length then it is called as udl.

8. Define point of contra flexure? In which beam it occurs?

Point at which BM changes to zero is point of contra flexure. It occurs in overhanging beam.

9. What is mean by positive or sagging BM?

BM is said to positive if moment on left side of beam is clockwise or right side of the beam is counter clockwise.

10. What is mean by negative or hogging BM?

BM is said to negative if moment on left side of beam is counterclockwise or right side of the beam is clockwise.

11. Define shear force and bending moment?

SF at any cross section is defined as algebraic sum of all the forces acting either side of beam.

BM at any cross section is defined as algebraic sum of the moments of all the forces which are placed either side from that point.

12. When will bending moment is maximum?

BM will be maximum when shear force change its sign.

13. What is maximum bending moment in a simply supported beam of span 'L'

subjected to UDL of 'w' over entire span?

Max BM =wL2/8

14. In a simply supported beam how will you locate point of maximum bending moment?

The bending moment is max. When SF is zero. Write SF equation at that point

and equating to zero we can find out the distances 'x' from one end .then find maximum bending moment at that point by taking all moment on right or left hand side of beam.

15. What is shear force?

The algebric sum of the vertical forces at any section of the beam to the left or right of the section is called shear force.

16. What is shear force and bending moment diagram?

It shows the variation of the shear force and bending moment along the length of the beam.

17. What are the types of beams?

1. Cantilever beam

2. Simply supported beam

3. Fixed beam

4. Continuous beam

5. over hanging beam

18. What are the types of loads?

1. Concentrated load or point load

2. Uniform distributed load

3. Uniform varying load

19. In which point the bending moment is maximum?

When the shear force change of sign or the shear force is zero

20. Write the assumption in the theory of simple bending?

1. The material of the beam is homogeneous and isotropic.

2. The beam material is stressed within the elastic limit and thus obey hooke's law.

3. The transverse section which was plane before bending remains plains after bending also.

4. Each layer of the beam is free to expand or contract independently about the layer, above or below.

5. The value of E is the same in both compression and tension.

21. Write the theory of simple bending equation?

M/ I = F/Y = E/R

M - Maximum bending moment

I - Moment of inertia

F - Maximum stress induced

Y - Distance from the neutral axis

E - Young's modulus

R - Constant.

UNIT –IV

DEFLECTION OF BEAMS AND SHEAR STRESSES

1. What are the methods for finding out the slope and deflection at a section?

The important methods used for finding out the slope and deflection at a section

in a loaded beam are

1. Double integration method

2. Moment area method

3. Macaulay's method

The first two methods are suitable for a single load, where as the last one is suitable for several loads.

2. Why moment area method is more useful, when compared with double integration?

Moment area method is more useful, as compared with double integration method

because many problems which do not have a simple mathematical solution can be simplified by the ending moment area method.

3. Explain the Theorem for conjugate beam method?

Theorem I : "The slope at any section of a loaded beam, relative to the original

axis of the beam is equal to the shear in the conjugate beam at the corresponding section" Theorem II: "The deflection at any given section of a loaded beam, relative to the

original position is equal to the Bending moment at the corresponding section of the conjugate beam"

4. Define method of Singularity functions?

In Macaulay's method a single equation is formed for all loading on a beam, the

equation is constructed in such away that the constant of Integration apply to all portions of the beam. This method is also called method of singularity functions.

5. What are the points to be worth for conjugate beam method?

1. This method can be directly used for simply supported Beam

2. In this method for cantilevers and fixed beams, artificial constraints need to be supplied to the conjugate beam so that it is supported in a manner consistent with the constraints of the real beam.

6. What are the different sections in which the shear stress distribution is to be obtained?

• Rectangular section

• Circular section

• I- section

• T- section

• Miscellaneous section

7. What do you mean by shear stress in beams?

The stress produced in a beam, which is subjected to shear forces is know as

stresses.

8. What is the formula to find a shear stress at a fiber in a section of a beam?

The shear stress at a fiber in a section of a beam is given by

_ F x AY

q = I x b

F = shear force acting at a section

A = Area of the section above the fiber

--

Y = Distance of C G of the Area A from Neutral axis

I = Moment of Inertia of whole section about N A

b = Actual width at the fiber

9. What is the shear stress distribution rectangular section?

The shear stress distribution rectangular section is parabolic and is given by q = F/2I [d2 /4 – y2]

d = Depth of the beam

y = Distance of the fiber from NA

10. What is the shear stress distribution Circular section?

q = F/3I [R2-y2]

11. State the main assumptions while deriving the general formula for shear stresses

The material is homogeneous, isotropic and elastic

The modulus of elasticity in tension and compression are same. The shear stress is constant along the beam width

The presence of shear stress does not affect the distribution of bending stress.

12. Define: Shear stress distribution

The variation of shear stress along the depth of the beam is called shear stress distribution

13. What is the ratio of maximum shear stress to the average shear stress for the rectangular section?

Qmax is 1.5 times the Qavg.

14. What is the ratio of maximum shear stress to the average shear stress in the case of solid circular section?

Qmax is 4/3 times the Qave.

15. What is the shear stress distribution value of Flange portion of the I-section?

q= f/2I * (D2/4 - y) D-depth

y- Distance from neutral axis

16. What is the value of maximum of minimum shear stress in a rectangular cross section?

Qmax=3/2 * F/ (bd)

17. What is the shear stress distribution for I-section?

The shear stress distribution I-section is parabolic, but at the junction of web and flange, the shear stress changes abruptly. It changes from F/8I [D2 –d2] to B/b x F/8I [D2

–d2] where D = over all depth of the section d = Depth of the web

b = Thickness of web

B = Over all width of the section.

18. How will you obtained shear stress distribution for unsymmetrical section?

The shear stress distribution for Unsymmetrical sections is obtained after

calculating the position of N A.

19 Where the shear stress is max for Triangular section?

In the case of triangular section, the shear stress is not max at N A. The shear stress is max at a height of h/2

20. Where shear stress distribution diagram draw for composite section?

The shear stress distribution diagram for a composite section, should be drawn by calculating the shear stress at important points.

1. Define Torsion


UNIT –V TORSION AND SPRINGS

When a pair of forces of equal magnitude but opposite directions acting on body, it tends to twist the body. It is known as twisting moment or torsion moment or simply as

torque.

Torque is equal to the product of the force applied and the distance between the point of application of the force and the axis of the shaft.

2. What are the assumptions made in Torsion equation

o The material of the shaft is homogeneous, perfectly elastic and obeys Hooke's law.

o Twist is uniform along the length of the shaft

o The stress does not exceed the limit of proportionality

o The shaft circular in section remains circular after loading

o Strain and deformations are small.

3. Define polar modulus

It is the ratio between polar moment of inertia and radius of the shaft.

£ = polar moment of inertia = J Radius R

4. Write the polar modulus for solid shaft and circular shaft.

£ = polar moment of inertia = J Radius R

J = π D4

32

5. Why hollow circular shafts are preferred when compared to solid circular shafts?

• The torque transmitted by the hollow shaft is greater than the solid shaft.

• For same material, length and given torque, the weight of the hollow shaft will be less compared to solid shaft.

6. Write torsional equation

T/J=Cθ/L=q/R

T-Torque

J- Polar moment of inertia

C-Modulus of rigidity

L- Length

q- Shear stress

R- Radius

7. Write down the expression for power transmitted by a shaft

P=2πNT/60

N-speed in rpm

T-torque

8. Write down the expression for torque transmitted by hollow shaft

T= (π/16)*Fs*((D4-d4)/d4

T-torque

q- Shear stress

D-outer diameter

D- Inner diameter

9. Write down the equation for maximum shear stress of a solid circular section in diameter 'D' when subjected to torque 'T' in a solid shaft.

T=π/16 * Fs*D3

T-torque

q Shear stress

D diameter

10. Define torsional rigidity

Product of rigidity modulus and polar moment of inertia is called torsional rigidity

11. What is composite shaft?

Some times a shaft is made up of composite section i.e. one type of shaft is sleeved over other types of shaft. At the time of sleeving, the two shafts are joined together, that the composite shaft behaves like a single shaft.

12. What is a spring?

A spring is an elastic member, which deflects, or distorts under the action of load and regains its original shape after the load is removed.

13. State any two functions of springs.

1. To measure forces in spring balance, meters and engine indicators.

2. To store energy.

14. What are the various types of springs?

i. Helical springs ii. Spiral springs iii. Leaf springs

iv. Disc spring or Belleville springs

15. Classify the helical springs.

1. Close – coiled or tension helical spring.

2. Open –coiled or compression helical spring.

16. What is spring index (C)?

The ratio of mean or pitch diameter to the diameter of wire for the spring is called the spring index.

17. What is solid length?

The length of a spring under the maximum compression is called its solid length. It is the product of total number of coils and the diameter of wire.

Ls = nt x d

Where, nt = total number of coils.

18. Define spring rate (stiffness).

The spring stiffness or spring constant is defined as the load required per unit deflection of the spring.

K= W/y

Where W -load

Y – Deflection

19. Define pitch.

Pitch of the spring is defined as the axial distance between the adjacent coils in uncompressed state. Mathematically

Pitch=free length n-1

20. Define helical springs.

The helical springs are made up of a wire coiled in the form of a helix and are primarily intended for compressive or tensile load.

21. What are the differences between closed coil & open coil helical springs?

The spring wires are coiled very

closely, each turn is nearly at right angles to the axis of helix

The wires are coiled such that there

is a gap between the two consecutive turns.

Helix angle is less than 10o

Helix angle is large (>10o)

Part -B

1. A rectangular block of material is subjected to a tensile stress of 110 N/mm2 on one plane and a tensile stress of 47 N/mm2 on the plane at right angle to the former. Each of the above stress is accompanied by a shear stress of 63 N/mm2 Find (i) The direction and magnitude of each of the principal stress (ii) Magnitude of greatest shear stress.

2. At a point in a strained material, the principal stresses are100 N/mm2 (T) and 40

N/mm2 (C). Determine the resultant stress in magnitude and direction in a plane inclined at 600 to the axis of major principal stress. What is the maximum intensity of shear stress in the material at the point?

3. A cantilever truss is show in fig. Find the forces in the members of the truss by the method of joint.

Error!

5 KN 10 KN

1.5m 3m

600

clip_image0013m

4. A truss of span 9m is loaded as shown in fig. Find the reaction and forces in the members marked 1, 2, and 3 by using method of section.

1

2 4m

clip_image0023

3m 3m 3m

5. A thin cylindrical shell 3 m long has 1m internal diameter and 15 mm metal thickness. Calculate the circumferential and longitudinal stresses induced and also the change in the dimensions of the shell, if it is subjected to an internal pressure of

1.5 N/mm2 Take E = 2x105 N/mm2 and poison's ratio =0.3. Also calculate change in volume.

6. A closed cylindrical vessel made of steel plates 4 mm thick with plane ends, carries fluid under pressure of 3 N/mm2 The diameter of the cylinder is 25cm and length is

75 cm. Calculate the longitudinal and hoop stresses in the cylinder wall and determine the change in diameter, length and Volume of the cylinder. Take E =

2.1x105 N/mm2 and 1/m = 0.286.

7. Derive double integration method for cantilever beam concentrated load at free end.

8. A 2m long cantilever made of steel tube of section 150 mm external diameter and

10mm thick is loaded as show in fig If E=200 GN/m2 calculate (1) The value of W so that the maximum bending stress is 150 MN/m2 (2) The maximum deflection for the loading.

Error!

2W W

clip_image003l = 2m

a = 0.5m

9. Determine the diameter of a solid shaft which will transmit 300 KN at 250 rpm. The maximum shear stress should not exceed 30 N/mm2 and twist should not be more than 10 in a shaft length 2m. Take modulus of rigidity = 1x 105N/mm2.

10. The stiffness of the closed coil helical spring at mean diameter 20 cm is made of 3 cm diameter rod and has 16 turns. A weight of 3 KN is dropped on this spring. Find the height by which the weight should be dropped before striking the spring so that the spring may be compressed by 18 cm. Take C= 8x104 N/mm2.

11. A compound tube consist of steel tube 140mm internal diameter and 160mm external diameter and an outer brass tube 160mm internal diameter and 180mm external diameter. The two tubes are of same length. The compound tube carries an axial load of 900 KN. Find the stresses and the load carried by each tube and the amount it shortens. Length of each tube is 140mm. Take E for steel as 2 x 105

N/mm2.

12. A rectangle block of material is subjected to a tensile stress of 110 N/mm2 on one plane and a tensile stress of 47 N/mm2 on the plane at right angles to the former. Each of the above stress is accompanied by shear stress of 63 N/mm2. Find (i) the direction and magnitude of each of the principal stress (ii) magnitude of greatest shear stress.

13. . At a point in a strained material, the principal stresses are 100 N/mm2 (T) and 40

N/mm2 (C) Determine the direction and magnitude in a plane inclined at 600 to the axis of major principal stress. What is the maximum intensity of shear stress in the material at the point

14. It is required to design a closed coiled helical spring which shall deflect 1mm under an axial load of 100 N at a shear stress of 90 Mpa. The spring is to be made of round wire having shear modulus of 0.8 x 105 Mpa. The mean diameter of the coil is 10 times that of the coil wire. Find the diameter and length of the wire.

15. A steel shaft ABCD having a total length of 2400 mm is contributed by three different sections as follows. The portion AB is hollow having outside and inside diameters 80 mm and 50 mm respectively, BC is solid and 80 mm diameter. CD is also solid and 70 mm diameter. If the angle of twist is same for each section, determine the length of each portion and the total angle of twist. Maximum permissible shear stress is 50 Mpa and shear modulus 0.82 x 105 MPa

16. Three planks of each 50 x200 mm timber are built up to a symmetrical I section for a beam. The maximum shear force over the beam is 4KN. Propose an alternate rectangular section of the same material so that the maximum shear stress developed is same in both sections. Assume then width of the section to be 2/3 of the depth.

17. Obtained the deflection under the greater load for the beam shown in fig using the conjugate beam method.

60 KN 120 KN

clip_image0042m 3m 1m

18. A beam of uniform section 10 m long carries a udl of KN/m for the entire length and a concentrated load of 10 KN at right end. The beam is freely supported at the left end. Find the position of the second support so that the maximum bending moment in the beam is as minimum as possible. Also compute the maximum bending moment,

Answers

Refer Class Notes