BM2351 RADIOLOGICAL EQUIPMENT SYALLBUS R-2008
| BM2351 RADIOLOGICAL EQUIPMENT L T P C 3 0 0 3 AIM To get the clear understanding of X-ray generation and radio isotopes and various techniques used for visualizing organs in detail. OBJECTIVES: To study the functioning of X-ray tubes and scattered radiation and method by which fogginess can be reduced. To study the different types radio diagnostic unit. To know the techniques to visualize opaque, transparent organs. To study the special techniques adopted to visualize different sections of any organ. UNIT I MEDICAL X-RAY EQUIPMENT - 9 Nature of X-Rays - X-ray Absorption - Tissue Contrast. X-Ray Equipment (Block Diagram) – X-ray Tube, the collimator, Bucky Grid, power supply. Digital Radiography - discrete digital detectors, storage phosphor and film Scanning. X-Ray Image intensifier tubes - Fluoroscopy – Digital Fluoroscopy. Angiography, Cine angiography. Digital Subtraction Angiography. Mammography. UNIT II COMPUTER TOMOGRAPHY 9 Principles of Tomography - First to Fourth generation scanners – Image reconstruction technique- Back projection and Iterative method. Spiral CT Scanning - Ultra fast CT Scanners- X-Ray Sources – Collimation – X-Ray Detectors – Viewing System. UNIT III MRI 9 Fundamentals of Magnetic Resonance- Interaction of nuclei with static Magnetic Field and Radio frequency wave – Rotation and Precession –induction of a magnetic resonance signal – bulk Magnetization – Relaxation Processes T1 and T2. Block diagram approach of MRI system- System Magnet (Permanent, Electromagnet and super conductors) , generation of Gradient magnetic Fields , Radio Frequency coils (sending and receiving) Shim coils, Electronic components. UNIT IV NUCLEAR MEDICINE SYSTEMS 9 Radio isotopes- alpha, beta and gamma radiations. Radio pharmaceuticals.Radiation detectors - Gas Filled, ionization Chambers, proportional counter, GM counter and Scintillation Detectors. Gamma Camera- Principle of operation, Collimator, Photo multiplier tube, X-Y Positioning Circuit, Pulse height Analyzer. Principles of SPECT and PET. UNIT V RADIATION THERAPY AND RADIATION SAFETY 9 Radiation therapy-Linear accelerator, betatron, cesium and cobalt .Radiation Protection in Medicine –Radiation Protection principles, Radiation measuring instruments-Dosimeter, film Badges, Thermo luminescent dosimeters – Electronic dosimeter- ICRP regulation Practical reduction of dose to staff and visitors. TOTAL :45 PERIODS TEXT BOOKS: 1. Steve webb, Physics of Medical Imaging, , Taylor and Francis, 1988. 2 R. Hendee and Russell Ritenour "Medical Imaging Physics"–William,Wiley, Fourth Edition 2002. REFERENCES: 1. Physics and Radiobiology of Nuclear Medicine –Third edition – Gopal B.Saha – Publisher – Springer, 2006. 2. Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering –B.H Brown , PV Lawford, R H Small wood , D R Hose , D C Barber , CRC Press, 1999. 3. Standard handbook of Biomedical Engineering and Design – Myer Kutz Publisher – McGraw – Hill, 2003. 4. P.Raghunathan, "Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy in Medicine" Concepts and Techniques, Orient Longman, 2007.  |
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